The Key Themes In Animal Farm By George Orwell - 952 Words

Animal Farm, an allegorical novel by George Orwell, depicts a very clear picture of the events leading up to the 1917 Russian Revolution and the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. The techniques Orwell has used when writing this piece allows his robust view points and prominent reoccurring themes to become clear. A couple of themes that stood out the most to me was the use of education and intelligence, as well as corruption of power and leadership to fuel oppression. Orwell uses the imagery of a farm and the farmyard animals to represent Russia and the dominant figures of the time. Other techniques such as satire were also used to portray his opinions and key messages. One of the key themes in ‘Animal Farm’ was the use of intelligence†¦show more content†¦Orwell’s novel proves that Stalin wasn’t the world’s first corrupt leader and Trump won’t be the last, which is why I have confidence that Animal Farm will always relate to how it is difficult for some to have power without the temptation of abusing it. Further on in the text, the pigs discover a children’s book which they use to teach themselves how to read and write. However, when they are finished with the book they destroy it- preventing any of the other animals from finding it and becoming equally as smart as the pigs. By using their skills and leadership positions to their advantage, the pigs don’t contribute to the physical, labor intensive jobs, but take control of the organization and direction of Manor Farm. This theme of using intelligence and education to manipulate a population is not only prevalent during the time Orwell wrote the novel, but is also significant in the world we live in today. At the beginning of the text, the character ‘Old Major’ states that in order to move forward the animals must â€Å"be [in] perfect unity, perfect comradeship in the struggle†. When Old Major dies, the animals are left deprived of a leader causing Napoleon and Snowball to fight. Napoleon wins by manipulating the other animals and hence becoming the â€Å"leader†. As the novel progresses, Napoleon continues to gain power and soon appears as a dictator, by oppressing the animals. He used force to brain wash and manipulate the animals, making them workShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesSlaughterhouse Animal Farm is a beast fable written by George Orwell as an allegory to the Russian Revolution and the rise of communism in Russia, in which, â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others†(Orwell 134). The communist government established through the Russian Revolution began as a government where all were equal, but quickly mutated into tyranny commensurate and possibly worse than the monarchy that came before, a pattern mirrored in Animal Farm. The residentsRead MoreSimilarities Between The Truman Show And Animal Farm1219 Words   |  5 Pagesneeded for a good life? These questions are so important when it comes to human’s view on power and control and how it should be used. In both stories, ‘Animal Farm’ (written by George Orwell) and ‘The Truman Show’ (directed by Peter Weir), the author and director explore these themes. Power and control, the good life, utopia. These three themes are key to living the full life . To have a utopia you must have a good life and to have a good life you must have your own power and your own control. One cannotRead MoreHow Does Orwell Explore the Theme of Education in Animal Farm?1413 Words   |  6 PagesHow Does Orwell Explore The Theme Of Education In Animal Farm? ‘All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others’. George Orwell writes this toward the end of his highly acclaimed allegory, Animal Farm. From this single statement we can tell quite a bit about Orwell’s views on education which he puts across strongly throughout the novel. A message I see that this statement portrays is that everyone has the right to an education but some people were getting a better education thanRead MoreA Comparison of The Chrysalids and Animal Farm Essay765 Words   |  4 Pagesand that novels behold essential and key roles in our daily lives; they shape and influence our world in numerous ways via the themes and messages expressed by the authors. It is so, due to the different likes of our population, that we find numerous types and genres of books on our bookshelves, each possessing its own audience of readers and fans. In this compare and contrast essay, we will be analysing and comparing two novels, The Chrysalids and Animal Farm, and demonstrating how both books targetRead MoreMacbeth and Animal Farm Essay901 Words   |  4 Pagesprogression of power Compare the way George Orwell and William Shakespeare present and develop power and attitudes to power in Animal Farm and Macbeth. Writer’s sharing of attitudes other characters and writers AO1 = respond to texts critically and imaginatively; select and evaluate relevant textual detail to illustrate and support interpretations AO2 = explain how language, structure and form contribute to writers’ presentation of ideas, themes and settings AO4 = relate texts to theirRead MoreAnimal Farm : All Power Corrupts1688 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Farm: All Power Corrupts â€Å"Choose a novel or short story or a work of non-fiction which explores a theme which you find interesting. By referring to appropriate techniques, show how the writer explores the theme.† In the novel â€Å"Animal Farm†, author George Orwell explores a multitude of various themes. However, the underlying, ever-present, and arguably the most important theme in the book is power, and the corrupting effect it has on those who receive it. Orwell uses various language techniquesRead MoreAnimal Farm Corruption Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagestyrant. Such is the case in Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell. Animal Farm focuses on the rebellion of the animals on Manor Farm, and their attempt at a socialism-esque society. The leaders of the farm, two pigs named Napoleon and Squealer, gradually change from fair authority figures to unethical dictators. Orwell’s critically acclaimed novel Animal Farm establishes a theme of how leaders can be corrupted by power through the characters of two pig dictators on the farm, and their former masterRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1449 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept that the animals in George Orwell’s novel Animal F arm crave. The animals of Animal Farm want freedom from their â€Å"dictator† Farmer Jones and the rest of humanity. Their problem is that Farmer Jones and humanity are still in power. With the bravery of two pigs, Napoleon and Snowball, the animals overthrow their human oppressors and free themselves from humanity. With his new freedom Napoleon craves power and expels Snowball. He becomes the dictator of Animal Farm and makes the farm a place whereRead MoreAnimal Farm Film Analysis838 Words   |  4 Pages This essay is a comparative analysis between the film and novel, Animal Farm. Animal Farm was written by George Orwell in 1943 and published on the 17th of August 1945. A motion picture of the novel was later produced on the 29th of December 1954 by director Joy Bachelor. There are many differences and similarities between the novel and film involving the use of characters, symbolism, themes, dialogue and events. Animal farm was a successful novel as the length was 112 pages, therefore the movieRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell2946 Words   |  12 PagesCould the world in Nineteen Eighty-four (1948) and Animal Farm (1945) ever really exist? Orwell believes it could. In Animal Farm, the pigs gradually twist and distort rhetoric of socialist revolution to justify their behavior and to keep the other animals in the dark. The animals embrace Major’s ideal of socialism, but after Major dies, the pigs began to altering his words. At end of the work, Squealer’s has repea tedly reconfigured the meaning and words of the Seven Commandments in order to decriminalize

The Internet A Free and Anonymous Place - 1082 Words

With the advent of the World Wide Web, we have access to more information than we ever have before. Whether our desire is for recipes, yesterday’s sporting event, or even governmental documents, we need only to perform a quick search and we will be presented with everything we needed. But, with all of this new access to information, governments like China have cracked down on their country’s Internet access. We as US citizens have our access largely uncensored. As I continued to research this topic, though, I found that the Internet is more censored and far less anonymous than we think. When people hear the word â€Å"censorship,† it generally incites feelings of dread and Orwellian control. Though this is sometimes true, it is not†¦show more content†¦It is estimated that the â€Å"searchable† web makes up only a small portion of the entire Internet, so what everyday users see is only the tip of the iceberg. Since search engines cannot find this content, and they provide navigation to most sites average users will visit, most people will never see it. In this way, that entire portion of the Internet is censored and invisible to users. Belonging to and frequenting many of the sites on the so-called Invisible Web myself, I know how difficult it is to find content that I need using search engines like Google and Bing. Instead, the quest is entirely self-motivated and directed whenever I want to visit. Unfortunately for many, there is a great deal of wonderful content in it. Alongside the good, though, is a large collection of bad material , as the alias â€Å"DarkNet† suggests. Along with being censored, the Internet is heavily tracked. The likes of Google, Yahoo!, Microsoft, and others track users on their own websites and others so that they can serve more accurate content, and, in the case of Google, more targeted ads. Have you ever been browsing Facebook and noticed that the advertisements on the side of your window relate very closely to your interests? That is the result of tracking browsing habits and serving extremely targeted advertisements. When you browse the web and click on a web page aboutShow MoreRelated Sensible Anonymity on the Internet Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesSensible Anonymity on the Internet Abstract: This paper is an analysis of the anonymity of Internet users. Specifically, what are the benefits and disadvantages created by anonymity on the Internet, and how can the disadvantages be lessened without adversely affecting the benefits? The rapid growth of the Internet’s popularity is staggering. In 1990 few people outside the research community knew of it, and today it is estimated that there are more than 300 million Internet users worldwide (1)Read MoreThis Internet Hate Machine Kills Fascists: Anonymous in Context921 Words   |  4 Pagespaper â€Å"Anonymous in Context: The Power and Politics Behind the Mask†, she identifies the group Anonymous to work within these paradigms while acting entirely outside customary limits on candour. Through their absolute commitment to freedom in the face of tyranny—and lulz in response to dictators and oligarchs—Anonymous is a definite force of good against evil, and their intentions a net positive to the world. Dr. Coleman explains that in comparison to other major civil rights movements, Anonymous isRead MoreThe Liberties, Ideologies, And Effects Of Hacktivism1699 Words   |  7 Pageswhether or not it will eventually become a lawful form of protest, or will cyberprotest be officially acknowledged as cybercrime, and treated as such?  Introduction Today s society is obviously one obsessed with technology. Internet users are as diverse as the Internet itself. Still, there is a strong stereotype surrounding the word â€Å"hacker†. Most people think that hackers are crouched in a dark corner, typing on a computer. In reality, hackers are a variety of people, with a range of reasonsRead MoreEffects Of The Hidden Internet On The Digital Age1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dark Web: The Effects of the Hidden Internet on the Digital Age In the late 1990’s, the internet became a staple of society, a new â€Å"fad† that became integrated into modern culture. As more and more information was uploaded to this repository, data hubs formed, often around illegal materials such as copies of music and movie files. In 2001, a man named Ian Clarke revolutionized the internet by introducing â€Å"Freenet,† a service that allowed for anonymous access to the darkest reaches of the webRead MoreSober Living An Early Recovery Living Arrangement For Addicts1030 Words   |  5 PagesSOBER LIVING HOUSING (SOBER LIVING) Sober Living is an early recovery living arrangement for addicts while they rebuild their lives free from substances. Recovering addicts come to Sober Living through many paths, such as a referral from an emergency room, detoxification center, or the court. Each person has a place to sleep, usually sharing a room with others. Residents share house duties and pay a monthly fee. Sober Living provides structure because regulations are strictly enforced. SubstanceRead MoreStarbucks Case Analysis1391 Words   |  6 PagesATamp;T Inc. to include free and paid wireless internet coffee shops in the united states (Associated press, 2008) * Partnership with Bell Canada to include free wireless internet in over 650 locations in Canada (Laird, 2008) * Leads specialist coffee shop sales in most countries (Starbucks Corp. (food), 2012) Weaknesses * Share price fell by 43% due to commercializing the business (Passikoff, 2008) * Price senstaive customers choosing other places to get their coffee (StarbucksRead MoreQuestions On The Criminal Justice System880 Words   |  4 Pagespaper I am going to consider the particular challenges that the internet, and its associated ‘thundering tyde’ of information, misinformation, and comment available to anyone with access to a computer, has posed to the administration of justice. 2. 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Over these past years our younger generations have become more familiarized with modern technology that they have managed to surpass the ones who invented it in the first place. One of the outcomes of this has been that people in our society have become so interlocked with their devices that without them they are not able to communicate with others as well as they used to. For example, in the year 2011 mobile phone owners

Networking Systems Types

Questions: Task 11.1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different networking systems types in order to convince the management of the company. 1.2 Analyze and clearly identify the requirements of the system for this network. 1.3 Explain the different types of network topologies. Select your suitable network topology options for each section of your network design with reason 1.4 Discuss and justify appropriate network protocols for the company. Discuss how protocols enable the effective utilization of different networking systems.Task 22.1 Critically discuss and select suitable network software and hardware components needed in order to create this network infrastructure by mentioning their functions.2.2 Identify all the servers required for the company network and discuss the server architecture needed for this network. 2.3 Discuss network hardware you have chosen for all the company PC workstations. Task 33.1 Design the network using diagramming software. In the design you should conside r current and future provisions in terms of user requirements and the network infrastructure itself.3.2 Critically evaluate how the design you have produced in the question 3.1 is validated in terms of user feedback and other key factors e.g. future provision and use of proposed technology. Task 44.1 By means of simulation software, establish a network according to the design in task 3.4.2 Test the functionality of the network to ensure that your developed network will operate seamlessly in a physical environment so that it can satisfy user requirements. List the results you have found contrasting them with your expected results.4.3 Discuss how your developed network will cope with future changing needs. Your discussion should address possible enhancement of your network to satisfy needs of changing future environment. 4.4 Produce maintenance schedule to support the network system. Your maintenance schedule should address various factors like personnel allocation, backup and recover y policy, maintaining security integrity; and general administration to support the users. Answers: Task 1 Solution 1 One approach to classify the diverse sorts of computer network outlines is by their degree or scale. For recorded reasons, the networking industry refers to almost every sort of configuration as a area network. A network is a gathering of two or more PC frameworks connected together. There are numerous sorts of PC network s, including the accompanying: Local-area networks (LANs): The PCs are topographically near one another (that is, in the same building). Wide-area networks(WANs): The PCs are more distant separated and are joined by phone lines or radio waves. Home-territory network s (HANs): A network contained inside of a client's home that associate a man's advanced gadgets. Campus-area networks (CANs): The PCs are inside of a constrained geographic zone, for example, a grounds or army installation. Metropolitan-territory network s MANs): An information network intended for a town or city. LAN - Local Area Network A LAN join network gadgets more than a generally short separation. An arranged office building, school, or home ordinarily contains a solitary LAN, however at times one building will contain a couple of little LANs (maybe one for every room), and incidentally a LAN will span a group of nearby buildings. In TCP/IP organizing, a LAN is frequently however not generally executed as a solitary IP subnet. WAN - Wide Area Network As the term infers, a WAN compasses a huge physical separation. The Internet is the biggest WAN, crossing the Earth. A WAN is a topographically scattered gathering of LANs. A network gadget called a router connects LANs to a WAN. In IP organizing, the switch keeps up both a LAN location and a WAN location. Solution 2 Site Map And Details Site Description: Administration office: The administration office is a threestorey building and is going to be used for various departments. Top Floor = Management and directors sittings. Total member at floor = 60 members Middle Floor = Human resource purchasing department personnels Total member at floor = 60 members Ground Floor = IT Staff Total member at floor = 60 members Design office: This is a 2storey building and is going to be usedin various departments. Top Floor = Engineering design staff Total member at floor = 150members Ground Floor = Sales Marketing Total member at floor = 75 members Stores office: The Stores is where all the components for the manufacturing are kept along with the completed equipment ready for dispatching. It is a fourstorey building with approximately five members of staff on each floor. Top Floor = Store Staff Total member at floor = 5 members Second Floor = Store Staff Total member at floor = 5 members First Floor = Store Staff Total member at floor = 5 members Ground Floor = Store Staff Total member at floor = 5 members Manufacturing Plant: This is where the equipment is manufactured. It is a single storey building where about 120 production operatives will work. They are many different areas in this building since there are lots of different tasks that need to be performed. It includes a Machine shop where there are heavy electrical cutting machines and Arc welders. There is also a test bay where all the equipment is thoroughly tested before being shipped. The offices are for the Area managers. Ground Floor = 120 production operatives with staff. External Access It must be possible to have the following External access:- General Internet access Access to Suppliers Network Access to Suppliers to restricted part of ELECTRONSRUS Intranet Access for Sales Marketing staff to the ELECTRONSRUS Intranet when they are remote from the site Solution 3 The most mainstream designs, or topologies, incorporate the token ring, bus, point to point, star topologies. Bus With a bus design, every node/hub is joined consecutively along the network backbone. A node/hub is any equipment associated with the network , for example, a printer, scanner or PC. Backbone is the term used to portray the primary links to which the network fragments are joined. At the point when one node/hub sends data to another node/hub through the network , the data goes along the backbone until it achieves the wanted accepting node/hub. Token Ring With a ring arrangement, every node/hub is joined successively along the network backbone. Be that as it may, not at all like the bus arrangement, the end of the network associate with the first node/hub, resulting in a circuit. Node/hubs on a token ring alternate sending and getting data. In the token ring topology, a token goes along the backbone with the data being sent. The node/hub with the token sends data to the following node/hub along the backbone. The getting node/hub peruses the data tended to it and afterward passes the token and any extra data to the following node/hub. This proceeds until the token and information make it back to the first node/hub in the network . Star With a star design, every node/hub is joined with a focal center point by means of network sections. At the point when one node/hub sends data to another node/hub, the data goes through the hub. The hub does not channel or course the data in any capacity; it just serves as a connector between network sections. Point-to-Point Point-to-point topology is the least complex of all the network topologies. The network comprises of an immediate connection between two PCs. This is quicker and more solid than different sorts of associations since there is an immediate association. The impediment is that it must be utilized for little zones where PCs are in close vicinity. Solution 4 Ip Addresses And Subnet Mask For Each Vlan New Buildings premises Floor Members IP address Subnet IP address range Name of the Vlan First 60 192.168.0.0/26 192.168.0.0- 192.168.0.62 Vlan_admin_First Second 60 192.168.1.0/26 192.168.1.0- 192.168.1.62 Vlan_admin_Second Third 60 192.168.2.0/26 192.168.2.0- 192.168.2.62 Vlan_admin_Third Design Building Engineering design Top 150 192.168.5.0/25 192.168.5.1-192.168.5.126 Vlan_design_Top Sales and Marketing Ground 75 192.168.5.128/25 192.168.5.129- 192.168.5.254 Vlan_design_Ground Stores building First 5 192.168.7.0/28 192.168.7.1-192.168.7.14 Vlan_Stores_First Second 5 192.168.8.0/28 192.168.8.1-192.168.8.14 Vlan_Stores_Second Third 5 192.168.9.0/28 192.168.9.1-192.168.9.14 Vlan_Stores_Third Manufacturing Plant Ground 120 192.168.10.0/25 192.168.10.1-192.168.10.126 Vlan_manf_Ground Task 2 Solution 1 LAN Software/ Operating network As the name propose LAN operating network is obliged to work on the LAN framework, deal with the colossal work load with various different sorts of server appended to it. It has fundamentally two perspectives (i) Work station Software (ii) Server Software. As instance of other multi client operating network , LAN operating network additionally encourage the sharing of expensive assets, for example, storage space, printer and so on among all LAN clients, gives security of information licenses associations with other network . There are different sorts of LAN operating network s for instance Novel Netware, LAN server, omni met, PC Net, IBM PC LAN, Etherlik in addition to and so forth. Repeaters At the point when Ethernet was initially implemented, a great many people utilized a copper coaxial link. Notwithstanding, the most extreme length of this link was 500 meters, which was not sufficiently long for a few network s. To address this issue, network designers utilized repeaters to join a few Ethernet portions. Bridges Bridges give a Transparent ways to joining LANs. A bridge is a gadget that join physically isolated LAN fragments, (for example, diverse Ethernet links) into one legitimate LAN section. There are four classifications of bridges: source routing, Transparent, translating, and encapsulating. Transparent extensions are utilized for Ethernet, though source routing bridges are utilized for token ring network s. Encapsulating extensions unite two fragments of the same media, (for example, token ring to token ring) more than a medium. The accepting extension takes out the envelope, checks the destination, and sends the casing to the destination gadget. Router LAN fragments joined by a switch are physically and intelligently separate network s. Rather than a bridge, when different network sections are joined by a switch they keep up their different legitimate personalities ( network location space), yet constitute an internetwork. Switches determine the destination and course for every bundle, and they can be utilized to direct bundles and interconnect a mixed bag of network architectures. A noteworthy contrast between an extension and a switch is that the bridge recognizes bundles by source and destination address, though a switch can likewise recognize parcels by convention sort. Switches accommodate the interfaces to WANs. Switches Ethernet imparts over the network utilizing the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) process. A convention utilizing CSMA/CD screens, or listens to, the media for network movement, or data going through the network starting with one hub then onto the next. In the event that a hub does not sense any activity, it will send casings or bundles of data onto the media. A network edge is similar to a sent letter. The letter is put in an envelope that has an arrival location and the location of its destination. Information are similar to the letter and the casing is similar to the envelope. The information is put in the edge and the casing has the tending to data and lapse checking code Solution 2 Server is a place that holds pipelines, tools, databases and numerous different applications where a sometimes clients or visitors could sign in and use them. There could be servers for various prerequisites some of them just holds data and encourage data exchange, yet does not permit clients to have direct cooperations, where as others permit clients to have direct collaborations. So one could discover mail servers, database servers, web servers, document servers etc. Servers basically serve a solicitation made by an tool, another machine or a client. Servers One of the real advantages of usage of LAN is sharing expensive assets, for example, printer, stockpiling gadget and so on this is accomplished through giving servers on the LAN. It is a committed PC that controls on or more assets. This contains both equipment programming for LAN. Three noteworthy classifications of servers utilized as a part of LANs are (i) File Server (ii) Database Server (iii) Web server (iv) Mail Server In a networking file server is utilized to share storage room for records. Alongside giving storage room to records in a LAN domain, it is utilized for talking periodical reinforcement, furthermore to give portal to different servers within between LANs. A database server is a PC program that gives database administrations to other PC projects or PCs, as characterized by the clientserver model. A web server is a data innovation that procedures demands through HTTP, the fundamental system convention used to disperse data on the World Wide Web. Inside of Internet message taking care of administrations (MHS), a message exchange agent or mail exchange operators (MTA) or mail transfer is programming that exchanges electronic mail messages starting with one PC then onto the next utilizing a clientserver application construction modeling. A MTA actualizes both the customer (sending) and server (getting) segments of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Solution 3 Network Hardware We requires two gadgets transmitting and getting gadget to speak with one another, we need hardware's to accomplish that. We would be examining about the different hardware, for example, Sender and Receiver hardware Communication gadgets Communication channels Sender and Receiver Hardware Taking after hardware are utilized for taking care of correspondence messages, information exchange and so forth. Hubs and workstations Information correspondence is done utilizing different specialized gadgets and software products interconnected for data trade. The gadgets used to convey an information in correspondence system are called Workstations. These workstations may be PC, printer, terminal, phones and other specialized gadgets. Every workstation is joined with something many refer to as a Data Communication Network Mode. Multiplexer As the name proposes, multiplexing is a type of information exchanging which are correspondence channels and is utilized for a few transmission. For e.g. the phone lines that we utilized for our day by day discussion can convey 100's and even 1000's of discussions utilizing multiplexing. As it were multiplexing is a kind of system which permits various basic, minimum cost terminals to share every correspondence lines presents no delay and obliges no uncommon PC programming projects. MODEMS A modem is a gadget that changes over information from advanced to simple flags so it can go over the general population exchanged phone system (PSTN) to its destination. When the sign achieves its destination, the modem changes over it back to computerized. As the PSTN was intended to convey voice (simple signs), it is not the best choice for conveying information. Computerized information systems (DDNs) are supplanting the PSTN. DDNs are utilized to transmit both information and digitized voice. Due to their moderate information transmission speeds, modems are no more utilized as a part of most business situation Task 3 Solution 1 Solution 2 What we are stating is that any organization ought to be seen as a system of activities with the worldwide objective of expanding the Throughput of the organization. Any association grows normally as a system of related parts. What makes this system a framework, rather than a gathering of endeavors, is the definition (and the adherence to) a typical objective. At the end of the day, when individuals begin working together for a typical objective, the interdependencies important to accomplish it can be effectively characterized. The natural clash in any association is regardless of whether to receive a progressive structure. The various leveled structure fulfills the requirement for control yet falsely blocks the free stream of procedures and correspondence. By perceiving that any association is, actually, a system of ventures, an association can boost its potential and constantly move forward. Wise Management and the Organization as a system of ventures We can think about a various leveled association as being comprised of bunches whose centers are not associated with one another. This sort of association can move to a systemic system in which every hub is connected to some other hub through just a couple joins. The systemic approach in such a system would then backing the formation of interdependencies keeping in mind the end goal to permit rising properties to abbreviate the way toward accomplishing the objective of the system. How would we outline such a systemic system? Such systems must be constructed and planned through: sharing a typical objective on the grounds that this permits the subordination of the single hubs to the objective creating the right interdependencies among the hubs identifying the right number of connections to be associated and anticipating how the framework will advance through the factual development of the system's properties Just the objective of an authoritative system can empower the correct ID of the rationale with which the system must be composed, the heading in which the system needs to advance, and the option ways to follow in the event of "assaults" to hubs because of the natural variety of its procedures. We can successfully oversee associations as unpredictable systems through the Decalogue technique. We do as such by perceiving that the Undesirable Effects (UDEs) of an association are truth be told emanant properties. By understanding the developing properties of an association we can discover numerous hints in regards to the structure of the system, its interdependencies and the outline of the association. Such properties permit us to surface: mistakes in associations and data stream because of an incorrect mapping of the connections undesirable development of bunches that oblige the working of the system keeping it from working in a systemic manner Just the objective of an authoritative system can empower the best possible recognizable proof of the rationale with which the system must be composed, the heading in which the system needs to advance, and the option ways to follow if there should arise an occurrence of "assaults" to hubs because of the inherent variety of its procedures. What are the hubs in an association? They can be workers, machines inside of an assembling domain, or any undertaking as a feature of procedures inside of a hierarchical system. Gathering UDEs prompts the decision of a typical objective and the right formation of interdependencies among these hubs. Thus, we have the capacity to see that the accomplishment of the objective of the creation system is constrained by a couple of hubs that have less limit than the others. Among such hubs we recognize one, which we call the imperative, which must be overseen legitimately and shielded from the characteristic variety of the framework. The requirement is a hub whose limited limit is the most restricting element for accomplishing the fancied objective of the generation system. This hub decides the pace at which the system produces items and, as a result, is firmly joined with the pace of offers. We can characterize the requirement as 'the hub with slightest limit that must be picked deliberately' in light of the fact that it speaks to the estimation purpose of the business system. Every single other hub are completely connected, inside not very many degrees of division, to the imperative hub in a manner that expands the system group coefficient and backings the systemic configuration. From a Network Theory perspective, the imperative is the center point of the system and it is useful to manufacture the structure of the system itself around the limitation both so as to outline appropriately its mechanics and to model the system toward the objective. Center points, the very associated (couple of) hubs at the tail of the force law degree dissemination, are known not a key part in keeping complex systems together, accordingly assuming a vital part in the heartiness of the system. They assume the critical part of connecting the numerous little groups of bunches into a solitary, systemically coordinated system. The presentation of the idea of variety inside of a system empowers us to take a gander at the procedure of the yield of any framework and not singularly at its single hubs. Each procedure made up of the work of numerous hubs is influenced by a swaying because of the association and the development of the system. Process Behavior Charts show all these neighborhood interfacing varieties of the single hubs as a procedure and identify as far as possible inside which the entire procedure can sway in an anticipated manner. This can be translated as a change of the consistency of the framework. This variance is called variety. The conduct of procedures inside of a system turns out to be non-deterministic on account of collaborating frameworks. The resulting development of new properties is a critical trademark to be kept under factual control. In the meantime, being mindful of natural variety permits us to screen the advancement of the system, the measurable comprehension of which helps us foresee the new properties of the whole framework. These two interrelated and repeating perceptions are basically executed by activities created from the infusions to the center clash of the association. Hence, recognizing the limitation and dealing with the inborn variety of the procedures happening in the organization by utilizing the routines for Statistical Process Control empowers us to make a systemic system. The utilization of the calculation from the Theory of Constraints known as Drum Buffer Rope (see synchronized administration) and the natural variability of the framework empower the configuration of a scale free system made of center points that interface hubs in a systemic manner; supports will look into (and shield from) the inborn variety of the unpredictable frameworks. Such a system, accordingly, will drive its advancement toward a typical objective. A criticism framework will consistently bolster the system through a couple assigned connections that will spread the data all through the hubs. The calculation utilized as a part of the Decalogue for overseeing undertakings is Critical Chain from the Theory of Constraints. A long ways past a procedure, Critical Chain speaks to the epitome of a dream of the association in view of pace of stream, individuals' contribution, and extraordinary accentuation on quality. Quality, association and stream are the fundamental philosophical mainstays of the systemic as organization. Task 4 Solution 1 Solution 2 Design For Network VLANs are available on the CISCO Catalyst 6000 running CatOS 5.4 or later, on the Catalyst 4000, 2980G, 2980G-A, 2948G, and 4912G running CatOS 6.2 or later. We are opting for CISCO Catalyst 2970 series. CISCO catalyst is layer 2 Series Switch used for Access connectivity in VLANs. I am selecting Cisco hardware as Cisco is known for its customer support as well as they keep bringing latest features on their products as and when required. These series switches have features like QOS, STP, etc. which can be required in the network as anetwork grows. There are vendors Like Alcatel Lucent, Summit, Juniper that offer similar hardware required for the network, but I am going in with Cisco Hardware. Figure Cisco Catalyst 2970 series switches Configuration The following two configurations comprise the Cisco Catalyst 2970 Series: Cisco Catalyst 2970G-24TS-24 Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports and four small form-factor pluggable (SFP) ports Cisco Catalyst2970G-24T-24Ethernet 10/100/1000 ports Cisco catalyst 2970m series comes with Cisco Enhanced Image (EI) IOSSoftware .CISCO catalyst suports IGMP leave timer ,IGMP snooping querier,DSCP transparency , VLAN-based QoS1and hierarchical policy maps on SVIs , Device Manager ,SSL Version 3.0,IEEE 802.1x, Flex Links , SFP module diagnostic management ,Smart ports Macros. Hardware used Cisco catalyst 2970 series switches around 15 or more Router 2900 series around 3 in quantity. Connectors and cables 10BASE-T ports: RJ-45 connectors , 100BASE-TX ports: RJ-45 connectors 1000BASE-T ports: RJ-45 connectors, 1000BASE-T SFP-based ports: RJ-45 connectors[3] 100BASE-TX ports: RJ-45 connectors 2-pair Category 3, 4, or 5 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling 2-pair Category 5 UTP cabling 1000BASE-SX, -LX/LH, -ZX, and CWDM SFP-based ports: LC fiber connectors (single-mode or multimode fiber)[3] Management console port: RJ-45-to-DB9 cable for PC connections[3] Power connector RPS 675 Internal power supply connector Environmental conditions Operating temperature:32 to 113F (0 to 45C)[3] Storage temperature: -13 to 158F (-25 to 70C)[3] Operating relative humidity: 10 to 85 percent (noncondensing)[3] Operating altitude: Up to 10,000 ft (3049 m)[3] Storage altitude: Up to 15,000 ft (4573 m) [3] Contempora 4(C4) Series Rack cabinet system Linux windows servers For VOIP Connectivity , require IP phones For Security , surveillance cameras(CCTV) Biometrics , card punching system Centralized Air conditioning Solution 3 Designing Guidelines Ideally the network should be designed hierarchically in 3 layers (Access, Aggregation, and Core) but looking at the requirements I am proposing following guidelines: Each building will have its layer twoswitches where they do would be isolated using VLANS. Vlanbe restricted Broadcast domain. We will call It as Access Laye Private IPv4 Subnets would be assigned based on number of members per floor. We can go for IPv6 addressing, but that would make the migration cumbersome as of now. We can plan for Migration to IPV6 if required once everyone is migrated to anew network Aggregate traffic of these switches will be uplink to Core/Aggregate router that in our case would be one. Each building would be connected to each other using Core router We can have redundancy by having multiple Core routers as well Layer 2 Switch, but this would depend on customer investment and criticality both of which is still unclear. Leased line would be purchased from Service provider and will be connected to any building core router that would act as a gateway. We can have back up leased line as well from other service provider, but that would again depend on customer BCP. Core router would be required to do NATTING in case of IPV4 address to access the internet as private range is not routable on internet References Polydoros, "Digital likelihood processing and applications," in 6th International Workshop on Digital Signal Processing (DSP'98) Techniques for Space Applications, ESTEC, Noordwijk. The Netherlands, September 1998. L. VanTrees, Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory Part I. John Wiley Sons, 1968. L. Weber, Elements of Detection and Signal Design, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1968. Raheli, A. Polydoros, and C-K. Tzou, "Per-survivor processing: A general approach to MLSE in uncertain environments," IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 43, pp. 354-364, Feb-Apr. 1995. D. Forney, Jr., "The Viterbi algorithm," Proc. IEEE. vol. 61, pp. 268-278, March 1973. M. Chugg and A. Polydoros, "MLSE for an unknown channel - part I: Optimality considerations," IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 44, pp. 836-846, July 1996. R. Bahl, J. Cocke, F. Jelinek, and J. Raviv, "Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate," IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. IT-20, pp. 284-287, March 1974. M. Chugg, A. Anastasopoulos, and X. Chen, Iterative Detection: Adaptivity, Complexity Reduction, and Applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. Anastasopoulos and K. M. Chugg, "Adaptive Soft-Input Soft-Output algorithms for iterative detection with parametric uncertainty," IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 1638-1649, October 2000. Wiberg, Codes and Decoding on General Graphs, Ph.D. thesis, LinkoÃÅ'ˆping University (Sweden), 1996.

The methods Miller uses to create dramatic tension Essay Example

The methods Miller uses to create dramatic tension Paper Death of a Salesman is a fantastic example of a continuation of increasing Dramatic Tension. It is created by such methods mentioned in the title and further strengthened by the jumps between past and present. Miller also uses the continuing theme of symbolism to strengthen the tension of the play. The lasting impression is one of slight confusion, but this too aids the suspense as Willy Loman, the focus character of this tension, continues to lose his grip on reality and finally then, his life. Throughout the play the audience are invited to second-guess Willys next actions or attempt to link his present as a result of past events. The other characters in the play are also equally vital in allowing Miller to create such heightened dramatic tension. Often it is through their silent interactions, such as the complexity of relationships that exist only in thought or feeling. While the audience is aware of these unspoken family rifts, they are rarely exposed and this can create heightened dramatic tension. Linda then, is a character that we learn directly very little about. It is only through her interactions with her family that her nature is revealed, and this sense of mystery adds to the dramatic tension. Where uncertainty exists, suspicion can grow; the audience may sometimes question Lindas motives due to a lack of understanding into her character, creating dramatic tension. The audience cannot fathom why she stays with Willy and her dysfunctional family. We will write a custom essay sample on The methods Miller uses to create dramatic tension specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The methods Miller uses to create dramatic tension specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The methods Miller uses to create dramatic tension specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Is she accepting her subordinate position as part of the nuclear family in order to hold it together? Or is she limited by her own personal inadequacies that prevent her from standing independently? Millers creation of a character shrouded in ambiguity allows extensive scope for dramatic tension. In fact Miller claims that he had no choice as far as the creation of Lindas character because A woman who was thinking of herself more would simply not have been there one morning, or else she would have put up such a fight so as to crush him [Willy]. This indistinct character of Linda has an effect on her relationship with Willy. From the beginning of the play, her interactions with Willy are almost unnaturally devoid of confrontation, instead she seems to be constantly looking to mother and appease her husband. We see constant references in the stage directions to the infinite patience of Linda. A constant dramatic tension hangs over their relationship, as Willy breaks down and Linda is increasingly challenged by his behaviour and distressing mental state.

Congenial vs. Genial

Congenial vs. Genial â€Å"Congenial† vs. â€Å"Genial† â€Å"Congenial† vs. â€Å"Genial† By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between congenial and genial? They both derive from that Latin term that also developed into genius, but their meanings are mostly distinct. Genial means â€Å"friendly† or â€Å"sympathetic,† or â€Å"mild†; it also describes someone who displays or is marked by genius, but that is a rare usage. Genial can refer to a person (â€Å"She has a genial personality†) or to an inanimate object or phenomenon (â€Å"The weather was genial yesterday†). Although congenial can be synonymous with genial, the connotation is usually one of having a pleasant and/or sociable attitude (â€Å"He is a congenial host†) or being harmonious or of a kindred spirit (â€Å"Their congenial interest in the matter may help them cooperate†). Writers must take care not to introduce an extraneous letter to produce one of two words that, though distantly related to genial and congenial, have nothing to do with the terms or with each other: Genital refers to the sexual organs, and congenital usually refers to diseases or unhealthy psychological features. A congenital physical condition is one that dates or exists from birth or is acquired during gestation and not through heredity; one can also describe someone as having a congenital fear of or obsession about something. People are also sometimes described as being congenital in some aspect of their nature for example, a congenital liar is someone who is habitually deceitful. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 40 Fish IdiomsPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

Qu Tal and Other Ways of Using Tal in Spanish

Qu Tal and Other Ways of Using Tal in Spanish To those learning Spanish, tal may best be known for being part of the question phrase  ¿quà © tal? but tal actually has a wide range of uses and meanings. Tal is of those words thats best thought of as representing a concept rather than as the equivalent of a particular English word. Functioning as an adverb, adjective, or pronoun, tal generally is used to refer in some way to something that has previously been said or implied, and it also is used in several common idioms. Here are the most common uses of tal: Tal As an Adjective As an adjective, tal often indicates that the accompanying noun refers to something mentioned earlier. When used this way, tal can often be thought of as meaning of that kind, and it is frequently translated as such. No existe tal lugar. (Such a place doesnt exist.) ¡Por quà © hay tal diferencia de precio? (Why is there such a price difference?)Habà ­a muchos tales libros en existencia a la hora de conquista espaà ±ola. (There were many books of that kind in existence at the time of the Spanish conquest.)Tal cosa jams se ha visto. (Such a thing has never been seen.)Si una persona afirma tal idea, lo haga por error o por ignorancia. (If a person asserts that kind of idea, he does it out of mistake or ignorance.) Tal As a Pronoun As a pronoun, tal refers to something that is vaguely like something else: No hay tal como la escuela perfecta. (Theres no such thing as  the perfect school.)Mi hermano come hamburguesas, pizza y tal. (My brother eats hamburgers, pizza and things like that.)Dà ­galo tal como es. (Tell it like it is.) Tal As an Adverb As an adverb, tal typically means something like just as or in such a way: Tal me habla que no sà © que decir. (He speaks to me in such a way that I dont know what to say.)La cmara ve el color tal cual es en realidad. (The camera sees the color just as it is in real life.)Todo est tal como antes. (Everything is just as it was before.) In Phrases To Express Purpose Con tal que usually means for the purpose of. The phrase is typically followed by an infinitive. The similar phrases con tal de que and con tal que (followed by a conjugated verb) can have a similar meaning but most often convey the idea of provided that, as long as or in the case that. El exgobernador habla en espaà ±ol con tal de ganar votos. (The former governor is speaking in Spanish in order to win votes.)Los senadores estn dispuestos a sacrificar la economà ­a con tal de que el presidente no sea reelegido. (The senators are inclined to sacrifice the economy so that the president isnt re-elected.)Con tal de que me salga mi casa, soy feliz. (Provided I leave my house, Im a happy person.)Con tal que me quieras, soy tuyo. (As long as you love me, Im yours.)Las personas que sufren de insomnio tratan con casi todo con tal de dormir. (People who suffer from insomnia try almost anything in order to sleep.)  ¿Quà © Tal? Tal functions as an adverb with quà © in questions to ask how people or things are. Literal translations of such sentences generally arent possible, since such questions are often casual and idiomatic, so context will determine whats meant. Hola  ¿quà © tal? (Hi, how are you?) ¿Quà © tal tu viaje? (How was your trip?) ¿Quà © tal tu dà ­a? (Hows your day going?) ¿Quà © tal lo estamos haciendo? (How are we doing?) Tal Vez The phrase tal vez means maybe or perhaps. The phrase, often written as talvez, especially in Latin America, is often followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood. Tal vez fuera el eco de una aparicià ³n. (Perhaps it was the echo of a ghost.)Tal vez compremos otro coche pequeà ±o. (Maybe well buy another small car.) Key Takeaways Because it can be translated in so many ways, it may be best to think of tal as a word that expresses the idea of something being like something else that has been said or implied previously.Tal can function as a pronoun, adjective, or adverb. It also functions as part of phrases such as tal vez in which the phrases has a meaning apart from the meanings of the individual words.One of the most common translations of tal is such, and a common phrase using the word is tal vez, meaning maybe.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE DIFFICULTIES OF PROVIDING EXCELLENT CUSTOMER Essay

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE DIFFICULTIES OF PROVIDING EXCELLENT CUSTOMER SERVICE - Essay Example This essay will explicate customer service and its recent trends, its good and negative practices, the disadvantages of bad customer service, its difficulties and how to improve this as a profession. Customer Service: The Basic Customer service relates to marketing and sale of product to a customer from manufacturer to targeted end-user (La Londe and Zinser, 1976). In this service, there is so much need about worker’s availability, reliability, quality delivery of services, responsiveness, organizational ability, communication skill and flexibility. While valuing customer, the customer service representative (CSR) should integrate quality service to develop customer retention and to inculcate competitive advantage in the marketing arena. As such, this means that the CSR is able to contribute improve the profitability of the company. Positive Customer service It is perceived that positive customer service is characterized with sensitivity to buy and sell transactional relations , sufficient knowledge on the crossing-points in the supply chain viz-a-viz marketing orientation, organization in performing tasks and good cognizance of the factors relating to buying-and-sell situation. The customer must therefore be knowledgeable on standard product or service delivery system; immediately recognize critical service problems; develop customer communication system; and have ability to build relations with clients. Kano, Seraku, Takahasi,& Tsuji (1984) explained that positive service is obtain whenever customer satisfaction and marketing strategies are achieved through quality management. Kano et.al (1984). This refers to the ability of the customer representative to meet the six quality attributes. These factors are basic entry threshold toward customer fulfillment, excitement factor, and performance ability (Kano et.al, 1984). Other factors are the indifferent, questionable and reverse attributes. The latter are not much regarded by customers though (Kano et.al., 1984). It is essential however that the customer service representative is able to articulate to customer the basic features of the product or service sold and relate with flexibility, simplicity, adjustability and cost (Kano et.al,1984). As workers, they must be able to balance the financial, customer, business processes and learning perspectives while tending to clients. Financial factor refers to an attribute of being knowledgeable on company’s financial data, including automation of financial processing, to keep them abreast on market risks and to ascertain cost-benefit of investment (Kano et.al,1984). On customer sensitivity, performance management CSR must be able to meet reasonably the customers’ needs and satisfaction (Kano et.al,1984). On the business side, CSR should know how to contribute in strategic management because his task is ultimately linked with the overall goal of the company he or she represents (Kano et.al,1984). He is part of the support process es. Balancing views on these factors can help bolster the performance of the company. It assists in integrating quality and customer service programs for profit, reliability, influence, customer empathy and to ensure quality assurance (Kano et.al,1984).

Nazi Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nazi Germany - Essay Example European history exhibits myriad number of totalitarian practices before, during, and after the first half of the 20th century. In this respect, Nazi Germany became part of the totalitarian history in Europe. This followed the appointment of Adolf Hitler as the Chancellor of Germany on the 30th of January, 1933 (Paxton and Julie 317). Hitler and his party consolidated political power in Germany and controlled every aspect of people’s lives. As a result, Nazi Germany was not necessarily an anomaly of history, since there had been other totalitarian rulers before Hitler. For instance, Tsars government in Russia had centralized political power and authority even before Hitler was appointed as Germany’s chancellor. While totalitarian practices were not new in the history of Europe, Hitler had taken his rule to another step. Hitler’s form of leadership took totalitarian rules and practices to an extreme high end. He not only controlled the lives of the people in Germany, but also destroyed political institutions and eliminated all aspects of opposition in his leadership. The cultural, social, economic, religious, and political face of Germany critically changed over the years of Hitler’s rule (Paxton and Julie 342). Consequently, the impact of Germany’s history on that of Europe remains alive to date. The cultural and social aspects of Germany were not spared by Hitler’s rule, and the Nazi Germany critically reshaped these aspects. For instance, homosexual rights groups were restricted in the year 1933, Jehovah witnesses were massively arrested from the year 1936, habitual criminals were arrested and punished from 1937 onwards, employment of Jews was banned in the year 1938, and Jewish businesses were sold to Aryans (Paxton and Julie 359). These among other activities characterized the kind of life that people lived in Germany, following the

Intelligence Agencies and Just War on Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Intelligence Agencies and Just War on Terrorism Essay America and its allies face Ð ° world that has become more and more dangerous with its weapons of mass destruction and Ð ° shadowy world of terrorists more than willing to use them. The wisdom of the past does not have the prescience or universal insight to deal with this new threat. America and its allies must change direction if they wish to respond to the challenge in an effective manner, even if it means employing policies that seemed dubious in the past. The state is called to protect its citizens in Ð ° Machiavellian world, filled with depravity and compromise. The church is called to submit to the superior wisdom of those who have the special intelligence, experience and expertise to handle the current crisis. Our forefathers came from Europe to settle in Ð ° wilderness that was not always hospitable. Death was imminent, and survival was uppermost on all their minds. The settlement in Jamestown, after the death of Powhatan, suffered an unprovoked attack at the hands of the Native Americans in 1622, in which some 375 settlers were massacred. The immediate response was to make Ð ° perfidious treaty with the natives and then starve them by burning their crops late that summer. It was Ð ° matter of survival. It was either ‘us or them’. (Amit 2003 127) â€Å"The same policy was followed by the Puritans of Massachusetts when the Pequot Indians, Ð ° most war-like people, presented an imminent threat in the mind of these settlers. Rather than wait around to die, they proceeded to attack them first, killing in one horrific conflagration of Ð ° Pequot fort some 4oo men, women and children. The exact motives behind the massacre remain unclear, but no doubt survival was uppermost in their minds. Today the situation that confronts the American people is not so different. It is similar to that of their ancestors in many ways and direr in regard to the number of lives at stake. one can debate whether the times have ‘waxed worse and worse’, but it is beyond question that the times have proved ‘more and more critical’ with their weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and the ever-increasing number of potential users. The nation of Israel felt this threat in 1981 when it conducted Ð ° pre-emptive strike against an Iraqi nuclear reactor. The United States roundly condemned the action at the time, but with the threat now facing them from this and other rogue nations Ð ° new policy has emerged. The nefarious intentions of the Iraqi regime are apparent to most observers. It appears as if this regime plans to continue the production of WMD and deliver these weapons themselves or distribute them through the shadowy world of terrorist networks to designated targets in this clandestine manner. The signs of the times are all around us. Iraq already has violated over fifty UN resolutions to date. The UN inspectors revealed that Saddam was vigorously working on Ð ° stockpile of WMD—chemical, biological and nuclear, and by the mid-9os he began to deny them access to his supply. He already has used these weapons against his own people and waves of foot soldiers in his war with Iran. He has pledged on Ð ° number of occasions to bring destruction upon the United States, and even planned the assassination of its former president, George Bush. He has subsidized and continues to support terrorist groups throughout the region, including Hamas and Islamic Jihad according to seized Palestinian documents. His relation to terrorism is Ð ° matter of grave concern. â€Å"(Rahul 2002 37-44) It provides Ð ° special channel to deliver and promote his wicked designs, Bin Laden has called it Ð ° ‘religious duty’ for his minions to obtain and use WMD against the infidels, but he knows that his terrorist network needs help. It is only in the movies that Dr No is able to create the facilities to manufacture and deliver WMD. In the real world of terrorism, the capacity to make and utilize these weapons requires the help of Ð ° government. Aum Shinrikyo, Ð ° Japanese cult, tried to kill thousands of commuters with Ð ° potent nerve agent but managed to kill only Ð ° dozen after spending somewhere around thirty million dollars. The loss of these lives was tragic but much less than expected and displayed the complexity of operations using these agents. The cult was not able to produce the chemical (sarin) in sufficient purity and resorted to using Ð ° most primitive delivery system—carrying it on Ð ° train and piercing bags of it with tips of umbrellas. Ð  government working with Ð ° terrorist organization would produce Ð ° more lethal combination. 3 In light of this threat, it appears as if the only long-term solution is to eliminate the regime in Baghdad. Some would argue that there is no need to rush into war. But one wonders how realistic this option is in view of the track record of the regime. Is it realistic to believe that Iraq would comply with inspectors? It did not the first time around, not in toto, would the UN impose the necessary sanctions and penalties if it did not? Or would it ignore certain closed doors and cave in as it did before to Iraqi demands? And even if unmolested, would the inspectors catch the regime in its lies, knowing that it is likely to play Ð ° shell game and was given four years to hide its weapons? (Bruce 2003 44) Donnes fatalistic maxim succinctly defines the essential context that modern intelligence services function within, and the variables determining their relative fortunes. Their experiences suggest that they are very human institutions largely shaped by the vagaries of circumstances beyond their control, not to mention misfortune and luck. As refined information used by the state to further national goals and policies, intelligence is directed, collected, analyzed and disseminated (the intelligence cycle) within the milieu of international politics. Intelligence work must therefore function within the anarchical society of Great Powers. 1 Equally significant is the extent to which intelligence functionaries serve at the mercy of their policy masters. The intelligence officers themselves, in their various professional incarnations, are the desperate men in this formulation, striving as they do to carry out their risky and/or problematic duties in the face of inertia and outright opposition on the part of rivals, enemies, and occasionally their own countrymen. It is unlikely that any intelligence service in history has ever completely escaped subjugation to such restrictive bondage. â€Å"As mentioned in the previous chapter, the war on al Qaeda should be Ð ° deliberate broad-front attack. It is already that in practice, but the rationale for sustaining this approach is less established and troubles are certain because such Ð ° strategy requires relating the efforts of multiple agencies, subagencies, and even nations, and it sometimes necessitates rapid action. This would seem to require two enhancements of capability which may at first seem contradictory, but they are complementary and equally important. â€Å"(Paul 2002 31) These facts hold particularly true for the office of Strategic Services mission in London, Americas critical liaison and operational intelligence outpost during the Second World War. Expanding to Ð ° peak of 2,800 personnel in 1944, OSS/London was originally established in October 1941 with the arrival of Ð ° single representative, followed by Ð ° staff nucleus the day after Americas entry into the war. Eventually consisting of contingents from the four major OSS branches-Research and Analysis, Secret Intelligence, Special operations, and X-2 (counter-intelligence)-the mission served as Ð ° focal point for Anglo-American intelligence relations in the decisive theatre in the war against Germany. The London mission was at the heart of OSS relations with British intelligence, and as such it personified the essence of that connection in the Allied war effort. The Allied invasion of Europe ensured that OSS/London, more than any other OSS outpost, would have the greatest opportunity to perform Ð ° decisive role in the intelligence war. Other OSS missions would also make important contributions, notably in Cairo, Algiers and Italy; but these were ultimately secondary theatres, while in the Pacific and Asia, OSS never acquired the sound relationship with the military necessary for intelligence operations. London was at the heart of the Allied war effort, and at the heart of the Anglo-American alliance itself. While intelligence exchanges with the Soviet Union have been documented by Bradley F. Smith, London was the big league in Allied intelligence during the war. Many significant matters were accordingly played-out there, offering detailed examples of intelligence services in action. The experiences of OSS in London therefore illuminate the process by which America was introduced to the various components of intelligence and clandestine work, and how well American intelligence performed in its own right. As the presumed precursor to the post-war US Central Intelligence Agency, OSS further invites study in order to understand the antecedents of Americas Cold War intelligence service. The significant Anglo-American context of the evolution of modern American intelligence moreover suggests that the Anglo-American Special Relationship had an intelligence component that was manifested most strongly and clearly in OSS/London. (Bruce 2oo3 75) The mission thus provides Ð ° case study of how US intelligence matured and became institutionalized within the context of the larger Anglo-American political-military alliance. This analysis accordingly examines an aspect of that alliance and of intelligence history in particular, that has not yet been explored in any comprehensive detail. It is part of Ð ° current historiographical review of the significance of intelligence services in military and international affairs. It specifically examines OSS/London within the context of Anglo-American relations, as well as the evolution of both modern American, and Allied, intelligence during the Second World War. The general research approach blends what has been termed the American and British schools of intelligence scholarship. The more historical nature of British intelligence studies has been noted by Kenneth G. Robertson, while Roy Godsons Intelligence: an American View, in Robertsons British and American Approaches to Intelligence, distinguishes between this historical methodology and the more conceptual or theoretical nature of American studies (for example, Sherman Kents Strategic Intelligence for American World Policy). British diplomatic historian D. C. Watt has therefore identified these approaches as two distinct schools of intelligence study, though Ð ° recent noteworthy British contribution to the theoretical school is Michael Hermans Intelligence Power in Peace and War, which surveys the interrelationship between post-war structures, tasks, and effectiveness. This study for its part demonstrates the influences of both schools by linking theoretical concepts to the role of intelligence ties within the larger wartime Anglo-American alliance. (Neville 2004 45) The second general purpose involves judging the relevance and professionalization of the OSS intelligence effort within the Anglo-American alliance, much of the existing literature on OSS has been preoccupied with the question of whether OSS had an impact on the war, of whether it accomplished anything of consequence. This very concern dominated the first ever OSS conference held at the US National Archives in July 1991. (Paul 2001 38-77) There has moreover been Ð ° number of recent works beginning to examine the documentation on the OSS operational record in various geographic areas, such as Romania and China. 7 Richard Aldrich has gone Ð ° considerable way toward surveying OSS links and rivalries with British intelligence in the Far East. 8 Particularly noteworthy in terms of this present study is Jay Jakubs recent Spies and Saboteurs, Ð ° survey of Anglo-American collaboration and rivalry in espionage and special operations in North Africa, Yugoslavia, Asia, and France. Jakub focuses on identifying varying degrees of mutual dependence and independence in these specific operational realms, and is Ð ° more substantially documented approach to the operational evolution of OSS, including within OSS/London. Having said that, no existing work on OSS has really addressed the experience of any OSS mission in terms of the trend identified by Andrew and Dilks, or provided Ð ° comprehensive analysis of all the major OSS branches in their activities. The question of overall OSS significance to the war effort also remains largely unresolved historiographically. This present study therefore strives to detail OSS/Londons evolution and activities comprehensively, and to establish their larger significance to the institutionalization of American intelligence after the war. The third major research goal flows naturally from the second: to illuminate this alliance intelligence relationship within the larger framework of Anglo-American competitive cooperation. This phrase was coined by David Reynolds to describe how Britain and America acted in concert as circumstances required, while still maneuvering for advantage and preeminence as powers. Linking this phenomenon with the ambiguity, ambivalence, misuse and circumstance inherent in intelligence operations as suggested by intelligence theory invites an analysis of the intelligence relations between two major wartime powers, or more bluntly, to place this intelligence study within the context of Great Power politics. (Anthony 2002 122-56)

Thomas Batemans Ten Years Diggings :: Archaeology Archaeological Essays

Thomas Bateman's Ten Years' Diggings Thomas Bateman at Calver Low, Derbyshire in 1860 Having been informed, on the 30th of August, that some skeletons had been discovered the day before, by men baring the rock preparatory to quarrying it, at the verge of the cliff overlooking the limekilns at Calver Low, I immediately went to the place and found that there had been five skeletons buried in a line side by side, a few feet apart, in graves sunk down to the rock which is there about two feet below the turf. The bodies were all extended at length with the heads to the west, so as not merely to admit of the corpses facing the east, as is the Christian custom of burial yet observed, but in this case also to face the village, and the pleasant valley extending towards Baslow--either motive may have prompted the arrangement, as there is reason to believe the interments to be of the Anglo-Saxon period, although it was suggested at the time, in one of the local papers, that they were remains of some who perished during the ravages of the plague at Eyam in 1666. In returning to the narrative, it will be best to describe the several skeletons, numbering from the north, premising that the legs of all had been cut away, owing to their being so near the border of a cliff, which descends for a considerable distance almost perpendicularly, having long been quarried for lime burning. 1.-A young person with very slender bones, the femur 17 1/2 inches long, undisturbed with the exception of the skull, which had been broken and robbed of the teeth previous to our visit; a small bit of coarse red pottery was picked up amongst the earth near the bones. 2.-Removed before our arrival, but from the few bones preserved, it appears that the person was older than the first, although the femur measures 16 1/2 inches only-the skull thin, a good deal decayed and very imperfect. 3.-Removed-the skull very perfect when found, since despoiled of the whole of the facial bones. The calvarium and lower jaw have been recovered. The former presents, when viewed from above, an oval outline with a very full occipital protuberance; the latter is well formed, and the state of the teeth indicates an early adult age. Imperfection in the thigh bones prevents measurement, they do not however appear to have been very long.

Policy in Higher Education in USA Essay

Higher education in the USA has been receiving the highest enrolments for students in colleges and universities followed by the UK (Dill, 2007). Public research funding continues to increase annually to ensure that the students are comfortable and the enrolments should keep on increasing. The number of international students is also increasing and these overseas students are vital for institutional funding and without them the sector would be literary bankrupt whilst many of the science and technology departments would have few or no postgraduate students. Although the revenue position of USA universities has improved, there remains a large backlog of investment in infrastructure especially for teaching. The higher institutions will continue to be the subject of pressures from the government and employees to be more efficient and relevant and provide a better learning and social experience for the students’ money. Some literature review to the same reveal that services have ventured into synchronous forms of communication using chat technologies, enabling an interactive, real time connection (Alderman, & Brown, 2005).. Its main advantages include its instant gratification that education can now be assessed from everywhere and can be set into a 24/7 service (Dill, 2007). Yet much of the literature reports low uptake and dissatisfaction. Description of the policy issue To tackle the problem of the high numbers of students going for higher education then there should be an increase in the fee cap coupled by the reduction in generosity of the present student support regime (Alderman, & Brown, 2007). Raising the fees is likely to create gut effects for competition that will exacerbate the differences in funding and reputation between institutions and the social groups which they serve without any compensating gains in effectiveness or efficiency. The distorting influence of prestige in US means that the educational costs for elite universities provide a price umbrella to the rest of the system and present spending targets of less elite institutions that wish to compete by raising their prices (Brown, 2006). Competitive markets will encourage an academic arms race for prestige amongst all institutions, which rapidly increase the cost of higher education and devalue the improvement of student learning. Away of making the policy applicable is to have some cut off points for pursuing a certain level of education. Also particular courses which are in high demand, the cut off grade for pursuing the same should be high to standardize the quality of education offered. The state should dedicate funds in forms of loans and also avail an amble atmosphere for research work. It should also make sure that students have internship programs to enable them put into practice what they learn. Others the federals can offer them employment opportunities so that they work while pursuing their education. What the state should attempt to do and how The immediate response is likely to be an increase in inter-institutional collaboration in order to strengthen market position and to make better use of resources (Alderman, & Brown, 2005). This is likely to be in a number of ways: local collaboration with other higher education institutions within US, collaboration with institutions overseas so that students don’t have to come all the way to the USA to look for higher education when they can access the same services while in their home countries, and collaboration with partners outside the sector. Conclusions The presented policy may not be easy to achieve especially in teaching as older universities will fear to collaborate with new ones for fear of loosing prestige. Some newer universities on the other hand may not want to collaborate with competitors. However the state should see to it that the collaboration is not tampered with and all institutions work together for the benefit of all people who are in need of higher education (Dill, 2007). References Alderman, G & Brown, R (2005), Can Quality Assurance Survive The Market Accreditation and Audit at the Crossroads? Higher Education Quarterly Vol. 59, no. 4 Alderman, G & Brown, R (2007), American and British Higher Education: Common Problems, Common Responses. College and University Journal, vol. 82, no 3, 19-24. Brown, R. (2006) Higher Education and the Market. New York and London: Routledge Dill, D. (2007) â€Å"Will market competition assure academic quality? An analysis of the UK and US experience† in Westerheijden, D. , Stensaker, B. and Rosa, M. J. (Eds) Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Trends in Regulation, Translation and Transformation Dordrecht: Springer

Disease in the News Critical Appraisal

There has been a rise in the number of cases of HIV/AIDS in men who have sex with men in the US. Trends suggest that between the years 2001 to 2004, the number of HIV/AIDS cases is rising in African American and Hispanic populations compared to the White population. The survival rates after 3 years were the lowest for men belonging to the African American and the Hispanic community compared to the White community. Since, the year 1999, there has been a rise in the number of cases of HIV/AIDS especially in men who have sex with other men.The article is a thoroughly peer-reviewed journal suggesting that the information is current, evidence-based, validated and researched carefully. The authors of the article include Hall, H. I. , Byers, R. H. , Ling, Q. , and Espinoza, L. They work for the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, which is a unit of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, US. The journal has given the details including the contact address and the email ID of the authors thus permitting clearance of queries and doubts. The authors are well versed and experienced in the field of HIV/AIDS.Hall and Byers have completed their PhD, Ling has done MS, and Espinoza has completed DDS. The authors are from various groups, and hence they would express the problems of these groups in their work. Each of the authors has played a different role in bringing out the journal. The writing, origin of the study, designing of the study, review and the interpretation has been done by Hall. Major contributions of the writings and modeling of the data has been done by Byers. Ling has performed analysis of the data and the data progression details.Espinoza has done the interpretation and discussion of the data. As this study was just about collecting data and not performing a clinical trial, it did not involve following a protocol. The article has been broken into various subtopics including abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion and references. Credential web sites such as Pub med and the CDC have also cited the article. The article is about the diagnosis of HIV in the male homosexual population, and determining the rate at which the disease progresses.The researchers are interested on working with this topic as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has seemed effective in delaying the symptoms of the disease and the development of fatal outcomes from the disease. In the 1990’s, there was a reduction in the mortality rates arising from AIDS, due to development of HAART. This therapy is able to reduce the viral load. Since the year 1999, there has been a rise in the number of cases of HIV/AIDS due to the increase in homosexual men amongst certain segments of the population.Another indicator of the trend of men having sex with other men was the rise in the number of cases of syphilis in the male homosexual population. The cases of HIV/AIDS were especially high in men below the age of 30 years. In o ther parts of the world, the results obtained from similar studies were different. For example, in the UK, it was found that the high incidences of HIV/AIDS were observed in men who had sex with men between the ages of 25 to 44. The incidences of HIV/AIDS increased in higher numbers in the African-American and Latin populations compared to the Whites.It was about 10 and 3 times higher. Before this study was conducted, HIV/AIDS was not detected in a high proportion of the study model. The Whites were more aware of their HIV status compared to the Hispanics and the African-American population. This suggests that the Whites are more likely to start HAART faster and develop better outcomes with the disease. The data was collected for this study by the HIV surveillance system in place. Several statistical methods such as Poisson regression was utilized to determine the HIV diagnosis rates.The study demonstrated that higher rates of HIV/AIDS were observed in homosexual men belonging to Af rican-American and Hispanic background compared to other segments of the population. Besides, the survival rates after 3 years was also lower the same populations. HIV progressed faster in Hispanics and African population. The article talks about a specific population, namely the homosexual men. The geographical area of this study was limited to the United States. However, the results of the study were compared to other countries such as the United Kingdom.The various ethnic groups that were studied included Hispanics, African-American and Whites. The CDC performed the study. The article does make claims of the treatment. In this case, it is HAART to treat HIV/AIDS. HAART plays a major role in reducing the mortality and morbidity from HIV. The study picks up some evidence available from 1996-1999 in which HAART was utilized to reduce the transmission of HIV infection. This may be in the fact that HAART helps to reduce the viral load in infected people.The article speaks of the ongoi ng emphasis given to the Governments Healthy People 2010 policy, and the need to reduce the transmission of HIV infection. The article also aims to reduce the transmission of HIV/AIDS in the homosexual male population especially. There are various strategies suggested for treatment including prevention, early diagnosis, HAART therapy, etc. The article has used about 48 current and relevant journals written by authors whose credentials are also good. The user can access the abstract of the references by clicking on the link provided. References: Espinoza, L., Hall, H. I., Campsmith, M. L. et al (2005), â€Å"Trends in HIV/AIDS Diagnoses — 33 States, 2001—2004,† CDC MMWR, 54(45), 1149-1153. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5445a1.htm Hall, H. I., Byers, R. H., Ling, Q. et al (2007), â€Å"Racial/Ethnic and Age Disparities in HIV Prevalence and Disease Progression Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States.† AJPH, 97(6), 1060-1066. http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/full/97/6/1060

Asian and American Culture essays

Asian and American Culture essays Is women everywhere in the world different? Are women in Vietnam and America have any similarities? Vietnam is such a small country compared to the United States. Texas is about the same size or even larger than Vietnam. Vietnamese women compared to your typical American women are two times smaller, same goes for any kind of Asian women. Most Asian women are petite, especially Vietnamese because of our dietary habits. Vietnamese womens diet is consisted mainly anything with rice; and rice has little or no calories at all. Like my mothers family back while they in Vietnam, most people make a living from the sea. Most Vietnamese are boat people, they make their living by shrimping and fishing. So their diet would most frequently consist of fish and rice. I noticed some Americans dont even like fish, I myself dislike fish. I love all kinds of seafood especially crabs and shrimp but I hate fish. In Vietnam, there arent that many cattle or pigs because there arent that much farmland to raise these animals. Vietnam is almost like a big island, it is almost surrounded by water at all sides except the north which is connected to China. Vietnams land is not so good, most of it is rocky or dry. It is mostly in the south where the land is fertile and where the farmlands are at, but mostly Vietnam has many rice paddies. It is ironic how seafood in America is so expensive but in Vietnam it is so cheap and same goes for meat; it is plentiful here but not over there which makes it kind of expensive but not as expensive as our meat. Vietnamese people arent food junkies like us Americans either, probably because in Vietnam they dont have much selection of junk foods like us. To Vietnamese people, junk food would be fruit, especially sweet fruit such as logan. Logans grow on trees, they are kind of like the kumquaits but its shell on the outside is brown and inside ...

King George III Biography

King George III Biography George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland during the American Revolution. Much of his reign, which lasted from 1760 to 1820, was colored by his ongoing problems with mental illness. During the last decade of his life, he was incapacitated to the degree that his eldest son ruled as Prince Regent, giving name to the Regency Era. Fast Facts: King George III Full Name:  George William FrederickKnown For:  King of Great Britain and Ireland during the American Revolution, suffered from acute and debilitating bouts of mental illnessBorn:  June 4, 1738 in London, EnglandDied:  January 29, 1820 in London, EnglandSpouses Name: Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-StrelitzChildren: 15 Early Years Born June 4, 1738, George William Frederick was the grandson of Great Britain’s King George II. His father, Frederick, the Prince of Wales, though estranged from the king, was still the heir apparent to the throne. George’s mother, Princess Augusta of Saxe-Goethe, was the daughter of a Hanoverian duke. Although sickly as a child- George was born two months prematurely- he soon grew stronger, and he and his younger brother Prince Edward moved with their parents to the family home in London’s exclusive Leicester Square. The boys were educated by private tutors, as was common for the children of royalty. Young George was precocious, and he could read and write several languages fluently, as well as discuss politics, science, and history, by the time he was an adolescent. Heritage Images / Getty Images In 1751, when George was thirteen, his father, the Prince of Wales, died unexpectedly, following a pulmonary embolism. Suddenly, George became the Duke of Edinburgh and the heir apparent to the British crown; within three weeks, his grandfather made him Prince of Wales. In 1760, George II passed away at the age of seventy, leaving 22-year-old George III to take the throne. Once he became king, he soon realized it was vital for him to find a suitable wife to bear his sons; the very future of the empire depended on it. Seventeen-year-old Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was the daughter of a duke, privately educated, and had no scandals attached to her name, making her the perfect bride for a king. George and Charlotte did not even meet until their wedding day in 1761. By all reports, the two of them had a mutually respectful marriage; there was no infidelity on either of their parts, and they had fifteen children together. Charlotte and George were avid patrons of the arts, and were especially interested in German music and composers like Handel, Bach, and Mozart. During the first few years of Georges reign, the British Empire was financially shaky, due in part to the aftershocks of the Seven Years War (1756 to 1763). The British colonies were generating little revenue, so strict tax laws and regulations were enacted to bring extra money to the crown coffers. DEA / G. NIMATALLAH / Getty Images Revolution in the Colonies After decades of no representation in Parliament, and resentful of the extra tax burdens, the colonies in North America rebelled. Americas founding fathers famously detailed the transgressions perpetrated against them by the King in the Declaration of Independence: The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States.   After a series of setbacks in North America, Georges advisor Lord North, then the Prime Minister, suggested the king take a break from trying to handle the dissent in the colonies. North proposed that Lord Chatham, William Pitt the Elder, step in and take power of oversight. George refused the idea, and North resigned following General Cornwallis defeat at Yorktown. Eventually, George accepted that his armies had been defeated by the colonists, and authorized peace negotiations. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images Mental Illness and the Regency Wealth and status could not protect the king from suffering extreme bouts of mental illness- some so severe that he was incapacitated and unable to make decisions for his realm. George’s mental health issues were well-documented by his equerry, Robert Fulke Greville, and Buckingham Palace. In fact, he was heavily monitored by staff at all times, even while he slept. In 2018, the records were made public for the first time. In 1788, Dr Francis Willis wrote: â€Å"H.M became so ungovernable that recourse was had to the strait waistcoat: His legs were tied, he was secured down across his Breast, in this melancholy situation he was, when I came to make my morning Enquiries.† Scientists and historians have debated for over two centuries about the cause of the famous â€Å"madness.† One 1960s study indicated a link to the hereditary blood disorder porphyria. People suffering from porphyria experience acute anxiety, confusion, and paranoia. However, a 2010 study published in the Journal of Psychiatry concluded that George probably didn’t have porphyria at all. Led by Peter Garrard, professor of neurology at St. George’s University of London, researchers did a linguistic study of George’s correspondences, and determined that he suffered from â€Å"acute mania.† Many of the characteristics of George’s letters during his periods of illness are also seen in the writings and speech of patients today who are in the midst of the manic phase of illnesses like bipolar disorder. Typical symptoms of a manic state are compatible with contemporary accounts of George’s behavior. It is believed that Georges first bout of mental illness surfaced around 1765. He spoke endlessly, often for hours, and sometimes without an audience, causing himself to foam at the mouth and lose his voice. He rarely slept. He shouted unintelligibly at advisors who spoke to him, and wrote lengthy letters to anyone and everyone, with some sentences being hundreds of words long. With the king unable to function effectively, his mother Augusta and  Prime Minister Lord Bute  somehow managed to keep Queen Charlotte unaware of what was happening. In addition, they conspired to keep her ignorant of the Regency Bill, which decreed that in the event of George’s full incapacity, Charlotte herself would then be appointed Regent. Some twenty years later, after the Revolution had ended, George had a relapse. Charlotte was, by now, aware of the existence of the Regency Bill; however, her son, the Prince of Wales, had designs of his own on the Regency. When George recovered in 1789, Charlotte held a ball in honor of the Kings return to health- and deliberately failed to invite her son. However, the two of them formally reconciled in 1791. Although he remained popular with his subjects, George eventually descended into permanent madness, and in 1804, Charlotte moved into separate quarters. George was declared insane in 1811, and agreed to be placed under Charlottes guardianship, which remained in place until Charlottes death in 1818. At the same time, he consented to his empire being placed in the hands of his son, the Prince of Wales, as Prince Regent. Grafissimo / Getty Images Death and Legacy For the last nine years of his life, George lived in seclusion at Windsor Castle. He eventually developed dementia, and didnt seem to understand that he was the king, or that his wife had died. On January 29, 1820, he died, and was buried a month later at Windsor. His son George IV, the Prince Regent, succeeded to the throne, where he reigned for ten years until his own death. In 1837, Georges granddaughter Victoria became Queen. Although the issues addressed in the Declaration of Independence paint George as a tyrant, twentieth-century scholars take a more sympathetic approach, viewing him as a victim of both the changing political landscape and his own mental illness. Sources â€Å"George III.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, www.history.com/topics/british-history/george-iii.â€Å"What Was the Truth about the Madness of George III?†Ã‚  BBC News, BBC, 15 Apr. 2013, www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22122407.Yedroudj, Latifa. â€Å"Mad King George III Mental Health Records REVEALED in Buckingham Palace Archives.†Ã‚  Express.co.uk, Express.co.uk, 19 Nov. 2018, www.express.co.uk/news/royal/1047457/royal-news-king-george-III-buckingham-palace-hamilton-royal-family-news.

Argumentative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argumentative Research - Essay Example You do not have any good memories of going out, watching a movie or playing on the rides. And you do not even have any bad memories. It is like you are dead (Polakov & Guillean, 195). The word â€Å"homelessness† started being heard after the 1980s in United States when a large number of people including women and children started appearing on the streets seeking emergency shelter. Economic downturn caused by the Great Depression in the 1930s resulted in a mass movement of people in search of jobs also causing homelessness to plunge. Homeless people include men, women, children, young, old, alcoholics, drug addicts, immigrants, native Americans, as well as people from other races, ethnicities, and religions. Although every homeless person faces different circumstances, however they all have one thing in common that they do not have any permanent dwelling (Gottfried, 10). The question is: what is its proper solution for homelessness? There are various factors contributing towar ds homelessness including lack of community based care, plummeting poverty, decreasing assistance, low income, and scarcity of affordable housing. Among other causes are poverty, domestic violence, conditions of the economy, health care costs and lack of services (Hombs, 34). After budget cuts, numerous sectors of society responded by providing food, shelter, services and so on. These also include religious groups, civic groups and other organizations. Most of the funding for the emergency shelter programs comes from federal funds. The demand for shelter by homeless people has increased incredibly. Because shelter is not always available where it is required, therefore this causes family members to separate. Many people believe that simply providing these homeless people with housing is not a long term solution. In most occasions homeless people look for help themselves. They live in inexpensive and inadequate hotels that provide them with poor living conditions. Lack of having a jo b also causes them to either live in poor conditions or to keep on moving to different places in search of food and accommodation. Many homeless people also forage for food and other useful materials by means of â€Å"dumpster diving†. They look for things that are disposed of by their original owners that may prove useful to them. The things found include electronics, appliances, scrap items, other house wares and also food. Legally, dumpster diving is not particularly prohibited however dumpster diving performed within the premises of a residence may get the dumpster diver into trouble. In order to help the homeless people, the government started a cash assistance program by providing them with money. Only those people are eligible to receive this cash assistance who have incomes less than the State’s minimum Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) (Hombs, 39). Among these who are eligible, cash assistance is provided for homeless people or families. The main aim of such cash programs is to provide homeless people with money to spend on other basic necessities apart from housing as housing itself consumes a big chunk of the income. Arguments against the cash aid programs say that such aids encourage people to relocate to states in hopes to receive higher payments and this relocation does not solve the problem of homelessness but leads to greater problems. But in order to discourage people from moving to the